A motion analysis system using cameras and reflective markers, designed to help us understand how movements are generated by the central nervous system.

Overview of the multi-camera motion analysis system.

By stimulating the motor cortex and measuring the muscular response using a magnetic coil, we can obtain information about the efficiency of brain-muscle connections.

Eccentric pedalling system. The participant must resist the reverse rotation of the pedals, creating significant muscle tension but low cardiovascular strain.

Treadmill used for walking downhill. This type of exercise places little strain on the heart but involves significant muscular exertion.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, combined here with neuronavigation, stimulates the brain and triggers the activation of motor neurons. The amplitude of the motor responses makes it possible to assess the excitability of the entire brain–spinal cord–muscle pathway.

A human-robot interaction task designed to investigate the effect of the robot’s presence within an individual’s personal space.A human-robot interaction task designed to investigate the effect of the robot’s presence within an individual’s personal space.

Embodiment in the Pepper robot: first-person view control via a virtual reality headset.

Functional electromyostimulation system. Electrical stimulation of the lower limb muscles helps the participant to pedal.

The participant mimics the robot’s movements. Movement capture data (Vicon) and high-density electromyography (HD-EMG) are recorded simultaneously during a human–robot motor task.